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心慌气短症状_病因病理_预防_查症状 - 名医在线

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首页 > 症状信息 > 心慌气短介绍

心慌气短症状

就诊科室:
[内科] [心血管内科]
相关疾病:

介绍

 

  心慌气短可能和心情、年龄有关,也可能是心脑疾病造成的。常见于窦性心动过速的伴发症状。

病因病理

心慌气短是由什么原因引起的?

  心源性心慌气短:见於心脏病患者出现肺淤血、心功能不全,当平卧位时,肺淤血加重,产生胸闷与呼吸困难,坐起後好转。胸闷也可以是冠心病心肌缺血时,心绞痛的一种表现。

  肺源性心慌气短:见於支气管哮喘、胸腔积液、自发性气胸、肺纤维化等。

  神经功能性心慌气短:最常见於心血管功能紊乱。

  中医认为是中气不足导致的气血两虚。可能是平时不锻炼身体,作息时间不规律,经常熬夜,睡眠不足,或电脑幅射,或血压过低,或房事过度等所造成的。要早点治疗才好,不然整个人都会萎靡不振,记忆力减退,做事无精打采。长时间如此会使得人体免疫力下降,各种疾病接踵而至。

症状检查

心慌气短应该如何诊断?

  应做胸部x线、心电图、心脏超声或心肌酶等检查,先排除心肺等病理性与器质性的病变,如检查未发现异常者,则不必太担心,多为神经功能性症状。

鉴别

心慌气短容易与哪些症状混淆?


  心悸:指患者自觉心中悸动,甚至不能自主的一类症状。发生时,患者自觉心跳快而强,并伴有心前区不适感。自觉心跳心慌,时作时息,并有善惊易恐,坐卧不安,甚则不能自主。兼见气短神疲,惊悸不安,舌淡苔薄,脉细数,为心胆虚怯;头晕目眩,纳差乏力,失眠多梦,舌淡,脉细弱,为心脾两虚;心烦少寐,头晕目眩,耳鸣腰酸,遗精盗汗,舌红,脉细数,为阴虚火旺;胸闷气短,形寒肢冷,下肢浮肿,舌淡,脉沉细,为水气凌心;心痛时作,气短乏力,胸闷,咯痰,舌暗,脉沉细或结代,为心脉瘀阻。

  气急:呼吸急促,上气不接下气,多由缺氧、情绪紧张等引起。经过胸片,判断有无心脏疾病。

  气上?心:自觉有股气流从少腹上冲脘腹、胸咽部的表现。病者自觉有一股气从下腹上?心胸的症状。

  心悸伴心率异常:当心率加快是感到心脏跳动不适,心率缓慢时感到搏动有力。心悸时,心率可快,可慢,也可有心率失常,心率和心律正常者也可以有心悸。(1)心悸伴心率大于100次每分。当发生心悸时,患者可自测脉搏,若每分钟心跳大于100次,则应考虑心动过速引起的心悸。(2)心悸伴心率小于60次每分。当发生心悸时,患者自测脉搏,每分钟心跳小于60次A分,则应考虑心动过缓引起的心悸。


预防

心慌气短应该如何预防?

  平时多锻炼身体,调整作息时间,充足睡眠。保持良好的心态。发现器质性病变,应及时尽早治疗。

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