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脊髓梗死症状_病因病理_预防_查症状 - 名医在线

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首页 > 症状信息 > 脊髓梗死介绍

脊髓梗死症状

就诊科室:
[内科] [神经内科]
相关疾病:

介绍


  脊髓梗死成卒中样起病,脊髓症状常在几分钟或数小时达到高峰,因发生闭塞的供血动脉不同而出现脊髓前动脉综合征,以中胸段或下胸段多见,首发症状常为突然出现病损水平的相应部位的根性疼痛或弥漫性疼痛,短时间内发生迟缓性瘫痪,脊髓休克期过后转变为痉挛性瘫;传导束型分离性感觉障碍,痛温觉缺失而深感觉保留(后索未受累),尿便障碍较明显;脊髓后动脉综合征,脊髓后动脉极少闭塞,即使发生也因有良好侧支循环症状也较轻且恢复较快;表现急性根痛,病变水平以下深感觉缺失和感觉性共济失调,痛温觉和肌肉力保存,括约肌功能常不受影响;中央动脉综合征,病变水平相应阶段的下运动神经元瘫痪,肌张力减低,肌萎缩,多无感觉障碍和锥体束损害。


病因病理

脊髓梗死是由什么原因引起的?

  脊髓血栓形成(血管狭窄、低血容量或高凝状态等引起)或栓塞(心源性的或血管源性的)引起脊髓梗死。

症状检查

脊髓梗死应该如何诊断?


  首发症状常为突然出现病损水平的相应部位的根性疼痛或弥漫性疼痛,短时间内发生迟缓性瘫痪,脊髓休克期过后转变为痉挛性瘫;传导束型分离性感觉障碍,痛温觉缺失而深感觉保留(后索未受累),尿便障碍较明显;脊髓后动脉综合征,脊髓后动脉极少闭塞,即使发生也因有良好侧支循环症状也较轻且恢复较快;表现急性根痛,病变水平以下深感觉缺失和感觉性共济失调,痛温觉和肌肉力保存,括约肌功能常不受影响;中央动脉综合征,病变水平相应阶段的下运动神经元瘫痪,肌张力减低,肌萎缩,多无感觉障碍和锥体束损害。


  1.CT、MRI能够清晰观察脊髓的内部结构变化以及其他组织对脊髓的压迫情况。

  2.MRI诊断脊髓出血为敏感和准确。观察病灶更为敏感。

  3.怀疑有血管损伤而应用常规方法未能发现问题时。可行脊髓动脉造影。



鉴别

脊髓梗死容易与哪些症状混淆?

  需与以下症状相互鉴别:

  脊髓休克: 脊髓休克也称脊休克。当脊髓与高位中枢断离时,脊髓暂时丧失反射活动的能力而进入无反应状态的现象称为脊髓休克。这种脊髓与高位中枢断离的动物称为脊动物。

  脊髓压迫: 脊髓压迫症是指由各种性质的病变引起脊髓、脊神经根及其供应血管受压的一组病症。

  脊髓横贯损害:脊髓横贯损害由于感染直接引起或感染诱发所引起的脊髓功能失常导致全部或大多数神经束的神经冲动传导阻滞,局限于数个节段的急性横贯性脊髓炎症。多数在急性感染或疫苗接种后发病。表现为脊髓病变水平以下的肢体瘫痪,感觉缺失和膀胱、直肠、植物神经功能障碍。是常见的脊髓疾病之一。发病可见于任何季节,但以冬末春初及秋末冬初更为觉见。

预防

脊髓梗死应该如何预防?

  脊髓梗死的治疗原则同脑梗死,综合治疗为主:可用改善血液循环药物增加缺血灶的血液供应、用脱水剂消除脊髓水肿以及其它的神经保护治疗,同时辅以针灸、康复训练等。注意护理,避免发生褥疮和尿路感染等并发症。

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