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肝缩小症状_病因病理_预防_查症状 - 名医在线

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首页 > 症状信息 > 肝缩小介绍

肝缩小症状

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[内科] [外科] [传染病科] [消化内科] [肝胆外科]
相关疾病:

介绍

 

  “肝萎缩”是指B超或CT检测,肝脏体积缩小,属于传统医学的“鼓胀”,现代医学定性为“肝硬化”,肝缩小目前国内外除肝移植外尚无其它有效的治疗方法。20世纪40年代,医学界首次提出暴发性肝衰竭(FHF)的概念,最初称为急性肝萎缩或急性肝坏死。

病因病理

肝缩小是由什么原因引起的?

  “肝脏缩小”虽也出现在肝炎后期,但与肝肿大的病因病机则完全不同。一是素来肝肾阴虚,水不济火,虚火上炎,肝体受烁而萎缩。二是肝阴不足又受湿热薰蒸,津液受烁,肝体失于滋濡养,故而逐渐萎缩。三是阴虚火旺或阴虚湿热先导致肝脏萎缩。

症状检查

肝缩小应该如何诊断?

  不同病因的肝缩小有不同的症状:

  1、龈、鼻衄血、唇赤、心烦失眠、舌红少苔或无苔、大便干灼,脉弦细数。

  2、面色晦暗或巩膜肌肤黄染、口苦或口干、心烦易怒、尿黄便干或软溏、舌体瘦小、舌苔黄或黄腻。

  3、口唇干燥、心烦失眠多梦、腹胀、腹水、舌胖大、苔白腻,大便溏薄或软溏、脉濡缓。

鉴别

肝缩小容易与哪些症状混淆?


  肝窦扩张:急性期肝脏体积增大、表面光滑,可见淋巴管扩张和“肝哭泣”征象。光镜下见中央静脉和小叶下静脉内膜显著肿胀、管腔狭窄或闭塞,血流受阻, 肝窦明显扩张淤血,伴有不同程度的肝细胞混浊肿胀、变性和坏死。坏死严重区肝细胞消失, 网状纤维支架残留、红细胞渗入肝窦和狄氏腔(Disse’s space),呈典型的出血性坏死改变。

  亚急性期肝脏表面呈网状区域性收缩,中央静脉及小叶下静脉内皮增生、增厚,形成纤维化和管腔狭窄、闭塞。此期仍可有肝窦扩张、淤血和出血性肝细胞坏死,中央静脉出现纤维化,尚无假小叶形成。

  进行性肝缩小:暴发性肝衰竭是由多种病因引起大量生产肝细胞坏死及严重肝功能损害,既往无肝病史并在病后8周内出现肝性脑病的综合征。起病急、进展快、病死率高。早期诊断、早期治疗可降低病死率。早期症状有黄疸、持续低热病初可有低热、显消化道症状、出血倾向、进行性肝缩小、肝臭、扑翼样震颤、心率加快、低血压等等,后期症状

  表现为肝性脑病,脑水肿当有踝阵挛、呼吸变慢、节律不规则,凝血功能障碍和出血出血部位以皮肤、齿龈、鼻粘膜、球结膜及胃粘膜等症状。

预防

肝缩小应该如何预防?

  阴虚火旺者,先滋阴降火。阴虚湿热者,先清热除湿,首先切断病机控制肝脏萎缩之势,再养阴舒肝。若阴虚湿困者,则养阴舒肝的同时利湿,并辅以静脉滴注葡萄糖,促肝细胞生长素,使萎缩的肝脏逐渐恢复。

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